Catholic religious music plays an important role in Christian worship and spiritual formation in Rwanda, where biblical faith is expressed through local languages, cultural values, and musical traditions. This study, entitled From Biblical Psalms to Catholic Religious Songs: Exploring the Role of Catholic Religious Music in Christian Spiritual Growth in Rwanda, examines the relationship between the biblical Psalms and Catholic religious songs and their contribution to Christian spiritual growth. The study asks: How does Catholic religious music contribute to prayer, faith formation, personal conversion, Christian identity, and participation in communal worship? It hypothesizes that Catholic religious music enhances Christian spiritual growth when its biblical and theological content is faithfully expressed through culturally meaningful forms. The objective is to examine this relationship and assess the role of Catholic religious music in Christian formation and evangelization. A descriptive mixed-methods design was employed among 70 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Theology at the Catholic University of Rwanda (CUR). Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings indicate that 95.7% of respondents viewed religious music as an aid to prayer, 94.3% associated it with spiritual growth, 92.9% emphasized biblical foundations, 91.4% perceived it as effective for faith formation, and 90.0% reported increased participation in communal worship. The study concludes that Catholic religious music is a valuable instrument of Christian formation and evangelization.

Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding treats words as outward marks of inner ideas. That position seems to imply that language is private. Wittgenstein's private language argument in the Philosophical Investigations challenges the implication at its root. This paper looks at the tension inside Locke's theory of meaning and at Cook's reading of Wittgenstein, with recent scholarship in view. Locke's ideational theory faces a structural conflict. It holds that thought is unknowable, and it also holds that words express ideas. Wittgenstein's treatment of private language is better understood as a grammatical investigation than as a single argument. Its aim is to dissolve the temptation to treat sensations as private objects. Ying Li's recent work (2024) shows that Locke is not the private-language theorist he is often taken to be: the meaning of words is settled by public use. Recent research tends to read the private language argument as a grammatical therapy for the urge to privatize thought, not as an empirical thesis about language.

The CNRPH is a reference institution that provides care for people with disabilities in Cameroon. It is located in the sixth district of the city of Yaoundé. We observed that many people with motor and hearing impairments attend this social institution to receive care. Thanks to its long-standing experience and technical facilities, the Center provides holistic care to all its patients. In 2024, we conducted a study on the monitoring and support provided to people with these two types of disabilities. The theory of social assistance was adopted for this research. We therefore used direct observation, semi-structured interviews and life stories as data collection methods. The effectiveness of care for people with disabilities is reflected in their autonomy, which is a major indicator of the effectiveness of the work carried out by the Centre’s specialists. After receiving multidisciplinary care at the CNRPH, people with motor and hearing impairments can manage their own needs more easily and integrate into society. Through snowball sampling, we collected life stories from people with disabilities concerning the effectiveness of care at the CNRPH.