Quarrying may provide rural cash income while also involving occupational, environmental, and economic risks. This study examines whether the characteristics associated with reported quarry participation differ from those associated with reported positive monthly quarry-related income in Kinyenze and Lugono villages, Mvomero District, Tanzania. The survey included 142 households; 137 provided direct participation responses, and 8 of the 87 participants had no recorded income. The questionnaire recorded an estimated amount in Tanzanian shillings; the analysis treats it as self-reported monthly quarry-related income, although the recall period, costs, and net profit were not separately documented. A two-part strategy estimates participation with Probit and the log of observed positive income with robust ordinary least squares in separate equations. Education and farming experience were negatively associated with participation. Farming experience was negatively associated with income among participants with observed positive amounts; estimates for age and land access were imprecise, and the adjusted village contrast was not statistically distinguishable from zero. The small cross-sectional sample and missing income responses limit precision and generalisability. These are adjusted associations, not causal effects or measures of welfare. Future surveys should define the income recall period, document sampling and consent procedures, and record revenues, costs, labour inputs, and seasonality separately.