The aim of this paper is to analyze the disparities of fertility by the 591 Indian districts, according the population census in 2001. We seek to detect the spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity of fertility rates relying on methods developed by the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis and Spatial Econometrics. Factors such as the female literacy rate, the number of secondary schools, the urban or rural character appear largely explain the fertility rate disparity among Indian districts.