This study examined the relationship between End-of-Life Product Recovery Practices (EPRP) and Supply Chain Performance (SCP) among oil and gas firms in the South-South region of Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of organizational policy. this study investigated how four dimensions of End-of-Life Product Recovery Practices remanufacturing design, product reconfiguration, product recycling, and product redesign influence key supply chain performance indicators, namely delivery lead time, delivery reliability, and customer satisfaction. The study adopted a quantitative research design using a survey method to collect primary data from oil and gas firms operating within the South-South region of Nigeria. The target population consisted of managers and officers involved in supply chain and operations management across selected oil and gas firms. A structured questionnaire was used as the primary data collection instrument, and a total of 276 valid responses were obtained for analysis. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationships among the constructs, while descriptive statistics were conducted using SPSS software. The findings revealed that the influence of End-of-Life Product Recovery Practices on supply chain performance varies across operational dimensions. Product recycling and product reconfiguration showed significant relationships with delivery lead-time, while product redesign significantly influenced delivery reliability. In addition, product recycling and product reconfiguration demonstrated significant relationships with customer satisfaction, whereas remanufacturing design showed no significant relationship with delivery lead-time and customer satisfaction. The results also indicated that organizational policy plays a moderating role in strengthening the relationship between End-of-Life Product Recovery Practices and Supply Chain Performance, although the magnitude of the moderating effect was relatively weak. The study concludes that while End-of-Life Product Recovery Practices contribute to improving supply chain performance in the oil and gas sector, their effects are generally modest and depend largely on supportive organizational policies and effective supply   chain management systems. The study recommends that oil and gas firms strengthen sustainability policies, invest in recycling and product flexibility systems, and integrate recovery practices into broader supply chain strategies in order to achieve improved operational efficiency and environmental sustainability.